Normal Distribution Calculator
Normal probabilities come from z-scores: with μ = 50 and σ = 10, P(40 < X < 65) = 0.7745375448.
0.774537544799685
Full answer, then cut to fewer decimals (not rounded):
- 0.774537544799685
- 0.77453754479968
- 0.7745375447996
- 0.774537544799
- 0.77453754479
- 0.7745375447
- 0.774537544
- 0.77453754
- 0.7745375
- 0.774537
- 0.77453
- 0.7745
- 0.774
- 0.77
- 0.7
- z for a
- -1
- z for b
- 1.5
- As a percentage
- 77.453754 %
Step-by-step solution
- z = (x − μ)/σ: z_a = -1, z_b = 1.5
- P = Φ(1.5) − Φ(-1) = 0.77453754
Normal Distribution Formula
z = (x − μ)/σ, P(X < x) = Φ(z)
Φ standard normal cumulative distribution
Worked Example
X normal with μ = 50 and σ = 10, between 40 and 65:
- z = (x − μ)/σ: z_a = -1, z_b = 1.5
- P = Φ(1.5) − Φ(-1) = 0.77453754
z for b: 1.5 · As a percentage: 77.453754 %
GATE tip
GATE gives Φ values in the question when needed. Convert to z first, use symmetry Φ(−z) = 1 − Φ(z), and check the answer against the 68-95-99.7 rule.
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mean 1/λ, variance 1/λ², median ln 2/λ
Example: Rate λ = 0.5 per hour, probability of an event within 3 hours: P(X ≤ 3) = 0.776869839852.
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Bayes’ Theorem Calculator
P(A|B) = P(A)·P(B|A) ÷ P(B)
P(B) = Σ P(Hᵢ)·P(B|Hᵢ) (total probability)
Example: A disease with 1 % prevalence and a test with 95 % sensitivity and 5 % false positives: P(A | B) = 0.161016949153.
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De Moivre’s Theorem Calculator
[r(cos θ + i sin θ)]ⁿ = rⁿ(cos nθ + i sin nθ)
roots: r^(1/n)[cos((θ + 2πk)/n) + i sin((θ + 2πk)/n)]
Example: z = 1 + i with n = 3: zⁿ = z^3 = -2 + 2i.
Frequently asked questions
What is the 68-95-99.7 rule?
About 68 % of a normal distribution lies within ±1σ of the mean, 95 % within ±2σ (precisely ±1.96σ) and 99.7 % within ±3σ.
How do I find x for a percentile?
Use the inverse normal: x = μ + zσ, with z = Φ⁻¹(p). The 95th percentile has z = 1.645.
Sources
Last reviewed: . Factors are stored exactly and computed with 50-digit decimal arithmetic. See how we verify conversion factors.
Cite this page
APA
Scientific Converters. (2026, October 15). Normal Distribution Calculator. Retrieved October 25, 2026, from https://scientificconverters.com/calculators/normal-distribution-calculator/
IEEE
Scientific Converters, "Normal Distribution Calculator," scientificconverters.com. Accessed: Oct. 25, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://scientificconverters.com/calculators/normal-distribution-calculator/