Materials and Metallurgy Calculators and Formulas
Mechanical, thermal, electrical and corrosion properties of metals and alloys, with stress, resistivity, conductivity and corrosion-rate unit converters.
5 calculators · 10 converters · common conversions
Materials & Metallurgy Formulas and Calculators
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Tensile Stress Calculator
σ = F ÷ A
σ normal stress, F axial force, A cross-sectional area
Example: 10 kN on a 10 mm bar = 127.3 MPa.
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Young's Modulus Calculator
E = σ ÷ ε
E Young's modulus, σ stress, ε strain = ΔL ÷ L₀
Example: 250 MPa at 0.125 % strain gives E = 200 GPa.
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Thermal Expansion Calculator
ΔL = α L₀ ΔT
α coefficient of linear expansion, L₀ original length, ΔT temperature change
Example: 10 m of steel heated by 50 °C grows 6 mm.
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Corrosion Rate Calculator
CR = K W ÷ (A T D)
W mass loss, A exposed area, T exposure time, D density, K unit constant (8.76 × 10⁴ for mm/y)
Example: 25 mg lost from 20 cm² of steel in 720 h = 0.0193 mm/y.
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Wire Resistance Calculator
R = ρ L ÷ A
ρ resistivity, L conductor length, A cross-sectional area
Example: 100 m of 2.5 mm² copper = 0.69 Ω at 20 °C.
Unit Converters for Materials & Metallurgy
- Pressure Converter – Pa, kPa, psi, bar, inH₂O, mmHg, torr, atm
- Corrosion Rate Converter – mpy, mm/y, µm/y, ipy
- Thermal Expansion Coefficient Converter – 1/K, 1/°C, 1/°F, ppm/K, ppm/°F
- Thermal Conductivity Converter – W/(m·K), mW/(m·K), BTU/(h·ft·°F), k-value, kcal/(h·m·°C)
- Electrical Resistivity Converter – Ω·m, Ω·cm, µΩ·cm, Ω·mm²/m, MΩ·cm
- Electrical Conductivity Converter – S/m, MS/m, µS/cm, mS/cm, dS/m, %IACS
- Density Converter – kg/m³, g/cm³, g/mL, lb/ft³, lb/gal, mg/L
- Magnetic Flux Density Converter – T, mT, µT, nT, G, mG, kG
- Magnetic Field Strength Converter – A/m, kA/m, A/cm, Oe, kOe
- Mesh to Micron Converter – US sieve number (mesh) ↔ opening in µm, mm and inches, with the full ASTM E11 table.
Common Materials & Metallurgy Conversions
- pascal to psi
- psi to pascal
- mil per year to millimetre per year
- millimetre per year to mil per year
- ppm per kelvin to ppm per degree Fahrenheit
- ppm per degree Fahrenheit to ppm per kelvin
- BTU per hour foot degree Fahrenheit to watt per metre kelvin
- watt per metre kelvin to BTU per hour foot degree Fahrenheit
- microohm centimetre to ohm metre
- ohm metre to microohm centimetre
- microsiemens per centimetre to millisiemens per centimetre
- millisiemens per centimetre to microsiemens per centimetre
Using these materials and metallurgy calculators
Materials data sheets list properties in a mix of SI and US units: strength in MPa or ksi, modulus in GPa or Msi, expansion in ppm/K or ppm/°F, and conductivity as resistivity or as %IACS. The calculators on this page take those properties straight from a data sheet and apply them to a real part, such as the stress in a loaded bar or the resistance of a busbar.
Young’s modulus links stress and strain only in the elastic range. Above the yield point the relation no longer holds, so a strain calculated from a stress beyond yield is not meaningful. Thermal expansion works the same way for a free part; a restrained part develops thermal stress instead, which the GATE thermal stress calculator covers.
The corrosion-rate calculator converts a weight-loss coupon result into mm/y or mpy using the alloy density. Uniform corrosion is assumed, so pitting or crevice attack can be far deeper than the average rate suggests.