Voltage Divider Calculator
A 10 kΩ / 4.7 kΩ divider from 12 V gives 3.83673 V at the midpoint, from Vₒᵤₜ = Vᵢₙ R₂/(R₁ + R₂).
3.83673469387755 V
Full answer, then cut to fewer decimals (not rounded):
- 3.83673469387755 V
- 3.8367346938775 V
- 3.836734693877 V
- 3.83673469387 V
- 3.8367346938 V
- 3.836734693 V
- 3.83673469 V
- 3.8367346 V
- 3.836734 V
- 3.83673 V
- 3.8367 V
- 3.836 V
- 3.83 V
- 3.8 V
- Division ratio Vₒᵤₜ/Vᵢₙ
- 0.3197278912
- Divider current
- 0.0008163265306 A
- Power in R₁
- 0.006663890046 W
Step-by-step solution
- Vₒᵤₜ = Vᵢₙ × R₂ ÷ (R₁ + R₂) = 12 × 4700 ÷ 14700
- Vₒᵤₜ = 3.836734694 V
Voltage Divider Formula
Vₒᵤₜ = Vᵢₙ R₂ / (R₁ + R₂)
with a load R_L across R₂, replace R₂ by R₂∥R_L; current divider: I₁ = I R₂/(R₁ + R₂)
Worked Example
12 V across R₁ = 10 kΩ and R₂ = 4.7 kΩ, unloaded:
- Vₒᵤₜ = Vᵢₙ × R₂ ÷ (R₁ + R₂) = 12 × 4700 ÷ 14700
- Vₒᵤₜ = 3.836734694 V
Divider current: 0.0008163265306 A · Power in R₁: 0.006663890046 W
GATE tip
In the current divider, each branch current is the total times the OTHER resistance over the sum. Mixing this up with the voltage divider is the classic slip.
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Example: Resistors of 100 Ω, 220 Ω and 470 Ω: Series equivalent = 790.
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P_max = V_Th² / (4 R_Th) at R_L = R_Th
P_L = V_Th² R_L / (R_Th + R_L)²; efficiency = R_L / (R_Th + R_L)
Example: A source with V_Th = 12 V and R_Th = 4 Ω: Maximum power P_max = 9 W.
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RC & RL Time Constant Calculator
τ = RC, v_C(t) = V(1 − e^(−t/τ))
RL circuit: τ = L/R, i(t) = (V/R)(1 − e^(−t/τ)); discharging uses e^(−t/τ)
Example: A 10 kΩ resistor charging a 100 µF capacitor from 10 V, after 1 s: Time constant τ = 1 s.
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RLC Resonance Calculator
f₀ = 1 / (2π√(LC)), Q = (1/R)√(L/C) (series)
parallel: Q = R√(C/L); bandwidth = f₀/Q; ζ = 1/(2Q)
Example: A series circuit with R = 10 Ω, L = 10 mH and C = 1 µF: Resonant frequency f₀ = 1591.55 Hz.
Frequently asked questions
Why does a load change the output?
The load sits in parallel with R₂ and lowers it. Keep the load at least ten times R₂ for under about 10 % error.
Can I power a circuit from a divider?
Only very light loads: the output sags with current and wastes power. Use a regulator for real supplies.
Sources
- The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition (SI Brochure), Bureau International des Poids et Mesures .
Last reviewed: . Factors are stored exactly and computed with 50-digit decimal arithmetic. See how we verify conversion factors.
Cite this page
APA
Scientific Converters. (2026, October 15). Voltage Divider Calculator. Retrieved October 25, 2026, from https://scientificconverters.com/calculators/voltage-divider-calculator/
IEEE
Scientific Converters, "Voltage Divider Calculator," scientificconverters.com. Accessed: Oct. 25, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://scientificconverters.com/calculators/voltage-divider-calculator/