Kremser Equation Calculator

Kremser Equation Formula

Worked Example

Absorbing a gas from 5 % to 0.5 % with pure solvent, m = 1.2 and L/V = 1.8:

1. A = L/(mV) = 1.8 ÷ 1.2 = 1.5
2. N = ln[((y_N+1 − mx₀)/(y₁ − mx₀))(1 − 1/A) + 1/A] / ln A = 3.419022583

Fraction absorbed: 0.9

GATE tip

Kremser assumes dilute solutions with straight operating and equilibrium lines; use mole ratios for concentrated gases.

More Mass Transfer Calculators

• Fenske Equation Calculator

  N_min = ln[(x_D/(1 − x_D))((1 − x_B)/x_B)] / ln α

  N_min includes the reboiler as a stage

  Example: Separating to 95 % and 5 % with α = 2.5: Minimum number of stages N_min = 6.42687.

  Open the fenske equation calculator →

• Minimum Reflux Ratio Calculator

  Σ αxF/(α − θ) = 1 − q; R_min + 1 = Σ αxD/(α − θ)

  saturated liquid feed (q = 1): R_min = [x_D/x_F − α(1 − x_D)/(1 − x_F)]/(α − 1)

  Example: A saturated-liquid feed at 50 % with α = 2.5 and 95 % distillate: Minimum reflux ratio R_min = 1.1.

  Open the minimum reflux ratio calculator →

• Fick’s Law Calculator

  N_A = (D_AB P / RTz) ln[(P − p_A2)/(P − p_A1)]

  equimolar: N_A = D_AB (p_A1 − p_A2)/(RTz)

  Example: Water evaporating at 25 °C through 10 mm of still air (D = 0.26 cm²/s): Molar flux N_A = 0.00337961 mol/(m²·s).

  Open the fick’s law calculator →

• Evaporator Calculator

  S λ_s = F c_p (T₁ − T_F) + V λ

  P = F x_F/x_P, V = F − P, economy = V/S, A = Q/(U ΔT)

  Example: 10,000 kg/h of 5 % solution fed at 25 °C, concentrated to 25 % at 100 °C with 120 °C steam: Steam required S = 9562.22 kg/h.

  Open the evaporator calculator →

Frequently asked questions

Sources

• The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition (SI Brochure), Bureau International des Poids et Mesures .

Last reviewed: 2026-10-15. Factors are stored exactly and computed with 50-digit decimal arithmetic. See how we verify conversion factors.